Exchange cards and build your address book: When you meet new people, be sure to exchange cards or contact details. After each networking event, store the business cards you have been given carefully, or even better put the details into your address book. My adventure began with a cruise along the boulevards of Las Vegas. We never tried to disguise that we were breaking into a computer network; in fact we were in a convertible! Our arsenal of attack equipment consisted of: 1. A laptop running W2K 2. A handheld GPS receiver connected to the laptop's serial port. A wireless Ethernet card 4.

1. 4 Professional Networks To Break Into Multiple
2. 4 Professional Networks To Break Into Two
3. 4 Professional Networks To Break Into Home
4. 4 Professional Networks To Break Into Another

Network security can be as simple as adhering to a set of rules; technology alone can’t thwart hack attacks and other security breaches. The following sections include details of just some of these rules.

Use strong passwords

Passwords are often the only protection used on a system. A user ID is only a name and doesn’t verify identification, but the password associated with the user ID works as an identifier. Therefore, passwords are the keys to your network, and you should protect them as such. Firewalls and intrusion detection systems mean nothing if your passwords are compromised.

A strong password is one that you can’t find in any dictionary — English or foreign. It also means a password that isn’t easily guessed. Longer passwords are harder to guess or crack than short passwords are.

Following is a list that you can use to set (and help your users set) strong passwords:

• Use a nonsensical combination of letters: The best passwords appear to be sheer nonsense. For example, if you take the phrase, “Nighty, night and don’t let the bed bugs bite,” and use just the first letter of each word, your password would appear to be nnadltbbb.

• Include a mix of upper- and lowercase letters: You should include an uppercase letter somewhere other than at the beginning and also include a number. Because the letter l looks like the number 1, you could use a one instead of that letter; your password then becomes: nnAd1tbbb. A password cracker could conceivably still crack this word with a brute force attack (letter by letter), but that process takes many hours.

• Longer passwords are better: Your password should be at least 8 characters long.

• Change your passwords regularly: Even the best passwords should be changed regularly (every 60 days or so) to prevent its being used long term if it’s cracked. Many operating systems enable you to set this rule for each user. The user will most likely find this practice inconvenient, but it’s smart security.

• Set new passwords instead of reusing the same ones over and over: Your users should not be using the same password again within the same year or even 18 months.

• Don’t use a set of characters straight off the keyboard: You should never use something like qwerty, 12345678, or asdfghj for passwords. Even though they look nonsensical, they follow a distinct pattern of consecutive keys on the keyboard and password crackers will break them in seconds.

• Treat your passwords as top-secret information: All passwords should be protected and not shared! This is the biggest security no-no there is. Many users write their passwords on sticky notes attached to their computers or put them under their keyboards. That’s not fooling anyone!

Root and administrative level passwords are the keys to the kingdom for an intruder. System administrators with root privileges — that is, with no access restrictions and the ability to make any sort of changes — should therefore have the hardest passwords and the most stringent rules about changing and reusing them.

Follow these guidelines:

• Write down all root passwords and store them in a safe: Then, if an administrator is incapacitated for a time or leaves the job suddenly, the password isn’t lost forever. Password recovery programs are available, but you don’t really want to rely on them in an emergency.

• Change ALL user passwords if you suspect a root password has been compromised: You can’t guarantee that the all the passwords haven’t been stolen if an unknown person has a root or administrative level password.

Likewise, if a general user suspects that a password has been stolen or compromised, that user should change the password immediately and notify those in authority at the company.

Always use anti-virus software

Anti-virus software isn’t always 100 percent effective, it’s better than no protection at all. If you don’t have anti-virus software, then how do you know you’ve never had a virus? Most common viruses are not obvious to the user.

Anti-virus software consists of two parts: the scanning engine and the signature files. You need to regularly update both the scanning engine and the signature files on a regular basis or the anti-virus software will lose its effectiveness. The software program usually has an update command, or you can check at the vendor’s Web site for updates.

The scanning engine tells the software how and where to scan, and the signature files are essentially a database of known viruses and their actions. The scanning engine compares files on your computer to the known viruses in the signature files. Anti-virus software is prone to false positives, but that’s a small inconvenience for the protection it affords you.

When new viruses are found, anti-virus software vendors issue updates to their .dat files to include the new strain. Occasionally, the scanning engine itself needs updating, too. If one part of the program is updated and the other part is obsolete, it simply won’t work properly — but you won’t know it’s not working until it’s too late.

For your anti-virus software to be most effective, you need to install it on individual workstations as well as on all the servers and other computers on your network. That is the only way to catch viruses at all entry points. All removable media, such as floppies and CDs, should be scanned before used on a system. Unfortunately, legitimate software CDs sometimes carry viruses, and floppies that people bring from home may also have viruses on them.

4 Professional Networks To Break Into Multiple

If you install anti-virus software on your Internet gateway servers, the software can catch viruses coming in from outside connections.

Although most viruses target the Windows operating system, you still need anti-virus software on Unix-based and Mac systems. A virus can travel across Unix and Mac systems and will not affect those systems. However, a virus can travel across those systems, and when it encounters Windows-based systems, the virus will start working. I’ve seen e-mail viruses that were perfectly harmless on a Unix-based e-mail server, but all the workstations were Windows-based. As soon as the mail was retrieved by the Windows-based computers, the computer starting infecting all the other Windows computers it could find.

4 Professional Networks To Break Into Two

Always change default configurations

Installing a system right out of the box and leaving it with the default configuration is probably one of the most common mistakes that people make when setting up a network. Default configurations often have default administrative accounts and passwords that hackers the world over know. This applies to routers, hubs, switches, operating systems, e-mail systems, and other server applications, such as databases and Web servers.

In addition to having known passwords on the computers, default configurations contain multiple security holes that you need to plug. Before you ever put any computer online, you should change the default account names and the passwords and apply all security patches. A little bit more time spent on a computer at this point can save you a lot of grief later. The fewer holes you leave on a network, the harder it is for someone to break into your system.

Note: Updated, December 2020

4 Professional Networks To Break Into Home

About once every two weeks, I get a request from someone in my network to talk about making a transition to management consulting. I’m always excited to get these emails and to share with others why I think this is a great profession.

After having hundreds of these conversations, participating in recruiting efforts for all sorts of candidates, and being immersed in consulting recruiting as both a candidate and recruiter, I thought it would be helpful to write a primer for those who are interested in breaking into the industry.

My hope is that those who read this can get a high-level understanding of the ways in which someone can enter the consulting industry as well as some actionable steps they can take if they want to continue with their search.

Note: I worked for a large management consulting firm and am writing this from my experience while working at my firm. While I do believe that there are many commonalities in the industry and between firms, please recognize this is written from my own personal knowledge and research, and may not be reflective of every single person’s experience or every single firms’ recruiting policies. This is a good starting point, but I urge you to conduct follow up research.

TLDR: The most common times to join a management consulting firm are out of undergrad and out of business school. If you’re a young professional and missed the boat on this, consider getting as much experience as possible in a specific industry and function give you credibility, and network the hell out the process to find a way in.*

There are 3 main ways to transfer into the management consulting industry**. They are:

• Join out of Undergraduate
• Join out of Business School (MBA or other Masters in Management Programs)
• Join from Industry

Out of Undergraduate Studies

Top Management Consulting firms pluck the best and brightest talent from top colleges and universities across the world. Consulting is based on the leverage model, where more junior staff tend to bill more hours but charge less whereas more senior staff (partners and directors) charge more per hour but bill less hours. The best way to make the leverage model work is to get lots of hard-working and intelligent talent, combine it with more senior and experienced practitioners to fill in the gaps, and deliver quality work to clients at the highest margin possible. As such, young and inexpensive analysts are critical to this, and consulting firms flock to the top colleges and universities to grab it.

One important and note that should be acknowledged: the structure of the leverage-model also feeds an up-or-out performance rating system. This means that most employees are stacked ranked against each other to determine year-end ratings (which drive performance based comp as well as promotions) Traditionally, a certain percentage of employees who rate poorly each year are asked to leave (out) while the ones at the top progress or get promoted (up)

Where do firms hire?

Generally, most firms will have established relationships with a “core” group of schools that year in and year out they turn to in order to hire top talent. Core schools are strongly entrenched, sometimes from long standing, prestigious hot beds for talent of all types (Ivy League) and sometimes because a school delivers top notch students in a few relevant areas (Information Systems, Accounting, etc.) Most firms hire in batches, and relying on a core group of schools enables a consistent flow of talent***. These core schools have alum who work at the specific firm who help firm recruiters and leadership identify top talent and attract them into the firm. Additionally, consulting firms will also take some resumes from non-core schools – the opportunities for students/candidates from non-core schools are not as abundant as those from core schools, so unfortunately, if you are from a school that is not a core school for a specific consulting firm you are interested in, you’re going to have an uphill but not impossible battle.

In addition to “core schools,” many firms, especially as a result of COVID-19 are opening up their applications to a wider range of students. Traditionally, recruiting teams would head to core schools to host in-person events, such as a company presentation, but as a result of the restriction of in-person events, this has given the opportunity for many companies to conduct virtual events that are open to everyone. In some cases, this can be a good thing, as it opens up access to opportunities to a wider set of schools. At the same time, this also means that potentially more students are aware and thus applying to programs, which may make them more competitive.

What Other Consulting Opportunities Are Available to Undergraduates?

In addition to internships and full-time jobs for undergraduate students, many firms also provide leadership conferences and programs for undergraduate students who are earlier in their studies. These are often ways to identify future talent, but also to expose undergraduates to potential career options that they could pursue later on. For example, some students may attend a leadership conference their freshman or sophomore year, and end up interning during their junior year. One example of this is the Accenture Student Leadership Program which is for freshman and sophomores. Deloitte also has a myriad of programs for freshman and sophomores as well.

What Do Firms Look For?

• Intellectual Horsepower – As an undergrad with no work experience, you won’t know all the answers to problems, but they want to know that you have the ability (and work ethic) to figure out solutions
• Ability to Learn – As a new hire, you’ll be asked to do a variety of tasks and roles. Furthermore, you can get a multitude of different projects. They want to know that you’re capable of handling whatever they throw you, and that you’re willing to learn and adapt
• Client Readiness – Firms will put 22-23 year olds in front of clients and senior executives, but only if they feel comfortable with doing so. They’ll evaluate your poise and polish, as well as your ability to develop and manage relationships with leaders who are more senior than you
• Leadership – You might be tasked with leading a team or in some cases your client. As someone who is younger, they want to know you have the leadership ability to handle this. They’ll examine any leadership experiences you’ve had, whether it’s through a club, business or campus activity.
• Business Acumen/Interest – Consulting is about solving business problems and identifying business opportunities. As such, they’ll want to know you have some basic understanding of business concepts along with an eager interest in learning more. This does not mean you have to study business formally, but at least be versed and engaged with various relevant topics

Key Steps to Take

• Identify if you are a core school – If you are an undergraduate student, figure out if your school is a core school for any firm you are interested in. If companies are coming to campus, attend their events, which tend to be meet and greets, sponsored panels, case competitions, and coffee chats. Note: As a result of COVID-19, all firms have switched to an entirely virtual hiring and recruiting process. In some cases, this means they are expanding their applicant pool beyond their core group of schools. Make sure to check with your career center to determine
• Reach out to Alum – Start connecting with alum, particularly those who are close in age to you and who have recently graduated from your school. They are closest in you to age and can relate to what you are going to, and are used as gatekeepers early on in the recruiting process to help sort through the pile of candidates. Getting on their good side is a favorable thing. LinkedIn will be your best friend (if it is not already) and don’t be afraid to use it to find alum to connect with. If you don’t know how to reach out to network here is a good primer to start
• Non-Core Hustle – If you go to a school that is a non-core school for a firm and you want to work there, you’re going to have to find another way to get on their radar. The best way to do that is to network and build relationships with people at the firm.

Out of Graduate School (MBA Programs, Masters in Business Programs)

Almost all Management Consulting firms pluck talent from the Top MBA Programs around the world. Recent MBAs are a great way for these firms to replace the former undergrad hires who move on after 2-4 years to pursue their own MBAs or other opportunities. These two streams of campus hires are the backbone that allows the firms’ leverage models to keep chugging along. Consulting favors those who are willing to accelerate their career and MBA programs are some of the best environments to find these types of people. Often times, people go to business school, work for a consulting firm for a few years, and use that as a launching point into a higher level job with an organization that might have taken much longer had they not gotten advanced degree/worked in consulting. This is an oversimplification of how it works in reality (a post for a different day) but for many this at is the ideal dream.

There is a formal process that most firms follow when they recruit top MBA students to their firms, and if you’re in business school you probably are familiar with this. For those of you who are a few years into your professional career and are looking to make a change to management consulting, getting an MBA and transitioning into consulting is a very popular and well-worn path (nothing is guaranteed, but many have and will continue to do this) Consulting firms hire MBA’s for their generalist business acumen, work ethic, propensity for career acceleration, and their willingness to pick up and learn. In some cases, a firm will hire you because of your past experience in a particular industry or function if you demonstrate significant acumen in that field, but it is not always necessary.

Consulting firms like diversity of thought, and do look to other Master’s programs to hire, such as JD’s, MD’s, etc. If you are in one of these programs, know that consulting is an option, but it probably will not be as high abundance of opportunities as other jobs in your given Master’s program.

What do Firms look for?

• Analytical Horsepower – They’ll look at your ability to analyze data and information and solve complex problems while being able to articulate the solutions in a confident and concise manner
• Demonstrated Business Acumen – They look for people who have a well-rounded business knowledge about various functions and disciplines. You can be put on a myriad of projects solving different business problems so they’ll look for people who are comfortable talking to various business issues and functions
• Leadership – Consulting is a team sport, and they’ll want to know you have the ability to lead in times of struggle and in times of prosperity, as well as your ability to lead and influence when you have formal power and when you don’t
• Client Readiness – Building and managing relationships is a critical skillset for consultants. They’ll want to feel confident that they can put you in front of clients
• Previous Experience – Any knowledge or skills from your previous work experience that could be relevant and helpful to your time as a consultant

The beauty of going into consulting post-business school is that it is a chance for career switchers to position themselves into a new field. Whether your an international student looking to find work in the United States, a Military veteran looking for a civilian career or someone from another field, if you can demonstrate some of these skills, you have a shot at becoming a consultant.

An Important Note: Like any thoughtful individual or organization, consulting firms like to de-risk and increase the chances of success when at all possible. One way to do this is to hire people who have multiple markers of past success/credibility that lead the firm to believe they will be successful as a consultant. For example, if you have a degree (and did well) in a very hard/quantitative field of study, that is a marker of success. If you have significant industry or functional experience (ex: Healthcare, Supply Chain/Operations) that could be considered a marker of success. The point of sharing this is that many people who attend business school assume that anyone can make the transition from whatever they did into consulting, and while this does happen for some people, it is not as simple as going from a musician to a management consultant (sorry musicians, still love you.)

Key Steps to Take

• MBA Students – Follow the recruiting process that your school has outlined.
• Potential Grad School/MBA Aspirants – In addition to determining if getting a graduate degree is right for you, start looking out for and networking with people who have A) worked in consulting B) have an advanced degree and C) did something similar before business school to what you are doing. Talk to them about how they were able to make the transition and get a sense of what their process looked like. Also, read some primers on the basics of consulting. Here’s a good place to start. Finally, do some due diligence on schools. Figure out what schools are a fit for you, but then, figure out how those schools fare in placing MBA students at firms you desire to work for. You’ll want to make sure you end up at a school that will give you a shot at those companies you are targeting. Poets and Quants has a lot of great material
• Learn The Interview Process – Management Consulting has a unique but rigorous process for screening and hiring MBA interns and full-time associates. Make sure to learn about what it takes and to ensure that you are interested in going down this path
• Check Out Pre-MBA Programs – Firms like Mckinsey and BCG offer Pre-MBA programs and scholarship opportunities. If you are interested in a career in consulting these are great opportunities to build relationships with companies.
• Check out D,E, and I Organizations – Many consulting firms partner with MBA Diversity, Equity and Inclusion organizations such as Forte Foundation, MLT, or ROMBA. If you identify or support any of these organizations you will want to check out the partnerships that these firms have with these organizations as they often get access to additional resources, events, and recruiting opportunities. For example, companies like Accenture and McKinsey hosted and sponsored webinars during this past year’s RHOMBA Conference
• Learn About Consulting – Check out websites like Management Consulted, MBASchooled, or Consulting Magazine to get a better sense of the role and career path for management consulting.

Industry Hire

A great consulting team leverages the collective intelligence of its team. Everyone brings something to the table, and everyone has skills and expertise that is valuable. Hiring people from “industry,” and who have a specific area of expertise, deep experience in a particular field****, or just those who are incredibly knowledgeable on a topic or issue is critical to the success of a consulting team. Furthermore, since most firms tend to organize themselves in some way by “industry” or “sector” it makes sense to hire experienced practitioners in those given industries and sectors.

Consulting firms are structured and operate in very opaque ways, especially when you are an outsider looking in. It will make more sense when you are on the inside (I guarantee it will still be confusing) As such, it’s critical to have some inside help. The more you can tap into your network of people you know who already work at specific firms you are targeting, or, if you can build relationships with people at those firms, the better your chances are. Since industry hires tend to be at higher levels and also targeting those with more experience, the postings and roles are generally speaking, on average more targeted and specific as opposed to the more generalist approaches that firms take with undergrad and graduate recruiting. This means that you’ll want to make sure you are applying to roles that are a good fit for your background (ex: if you’ve worked 10 years in healthcare, apply to roles in the healthcare practice at a firm instead of the retail practice)

What are some examples of good experience/expertise?

• Functional Expertise – Ex: 20 years in Supply Chain and Operations
• Industry Expertise – 15 Years in the healthcare industry
• Capability/Topic Expertise – 10 years of IT Security work along with industry certifications

What Do Firms Look For?

• Deep Industry or Functional or Capability Expertise – They’ll look for deep knowledge and expertise, ideally in an industry or function from your past work experience
• Familiarity with Consulting/Client Service Engagement Model – If you work in consulting, this should not be an issue, but if you don’t work in consulting they’ll want to see that you are familiar with the kinds of engagements/projects and the way that consulting firms work, which tends to be a bit different than working in “industry.”
• Leadership and Project Management – Industry hires tend to be more experienced and thus closer towards manager type roles. As a result, they’ll look for you to have capabilities and experience in leading and managing teams and projects and engagements
• Sales and Business Development – Consulting boils down to two things: Selling projects and delivering on those projects. As a result, they’ll look for people who have experience or knowledge of business development, relationship management, proposal/pursuit/RFP experience

Key Steps to Take

• Know Your Experience – Determine what your expertise is and what you bring to the table. Is it industry, capability, functional, or something else?
• Due Diligence – Start researching firms that are aligned to your area of expertise, and start looking for open postings
• Network – Reach out to your network to find people who work at specific companies you are interested in. Most firms give some sort of referral bonus for referring employees, so if you can end up somewhere you can also help a friend in the process.

Conclusion

4 Professional Networks To Break Into Another

There are three main ways to break into consulting (as discussed above) but as always, your mileage may vary. While the bulk of the recruiting goes through these channels there will always be alternative ways into firms. Consulting is a relationships-based business and that applies to recruiting and identifying talent. If you believe you have the capabilities, experiences and competencies to be a consultant at a management consulting firm, doing your homework, hustling, and building the right relationships can put you on the right path to future career opportunities.

Resources

General

MBA

Footnotes

*For my millennial friends, I realize you may be wanting to make a career switch – my recommendation is to start by using your industry or function and determining on a scale of 1-10 how much expertise you have in that particular industry or function. From there, I would look for firms that are hiring for your specific industry or function. The reality is that while you are good at your job, you are going to be competing against people who have double or triple the experience as you do. This does not mean you cannot make the move, it does make it a bit more competitive and thus you’ll have to work a little bit harder to find some opportunities.

**One exception to some of these rules is for those who are interested in various forms of Technology and IT consulting. If you have experience in these fields and especially in hot skillsets (Salesforce, various coding languages, etc.) there are going to be lots of opportunities for you in various forms of technology consulting.

***Goldman Sachs decided to do modify how it recruits and expand beyond just its core schools for it’s summer analyst recruiting. They realized that there was no correlation between their students from core schools and long term success at the firm. As such, their first round interviews will be conducted via video interview, which will enable a wider talent pool from them to hire from and more students from non-core schools who would normally not had the chance to interview with Goldman a shot at a summer internship. Prestigious companies in consulting and banking are known to be fast followers so this is early stages but I would expect others to follow suit within the next few years. This should mean that more students will have a shot at an internship at Goldman Sachs, which I think is a good thing for all parties involved

****I use the term “deep experience” in this section. While I don’t think it would be fair for me to put a number on the years of experience, I would say, generally speaking, it’s usually on the side of more rather than less. As a result, my millennial friends with anywhere from 2-6 years’ experience you may find it a bit tougher to find opportunities than perhaps some of your more experienced peers. This does not mean you cannot find roles that fit your background (there are some) nor does it mean you can’t transition into consulting, it just means it’s a bit harder to do. As a consultant, you are the sum of your knowledge and your experiences, and when you have less age you just have less experience.

*****Special Thanks to Nick for his advice and guidance in writing this piece